A note before reading. All studies cited below were conducted in academic, clinical, or laboratory settings. Clean Pharma sells these compounds strictly for in-vitro research use. Nothing on this page constitutes medical advice or a recommendation for human consumption.
Retatrutide
Retatrutide is the first triple-agonist peptide to advance to human trials, simultaneously activating GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. The glucagon arm is what sets it apart from semaglutide and tirzepatide — it appears to directly stimulate energy expenditure and lipolysis on top of the appetite suppression from GLP-1 and the insulin sensitization from GIP.
at 48 weeks (12mg dose)
simultaneously
reduction (high dose)
- Phase 2 trial (Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2023): 48 weeks of retatrutide at 12mg produced 24.2% body weight reduction — the largest weight loss ever recorded in a peptide trial.
- Mechanism advantage: Glucagon receptor activation increases resting energy expenditure by 5–8% in studied populations, distinguishing retatrutide from dual agonists.
- Visceral adipose: MRI data showed disproportionate reduction in visceral (organ) fat vs. subcutaneous fat.
- Metabolic markers: Significant improvements in A1c, triglycerides, blood pressure, and liver enzymes.
- Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple–Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023;389(6):514-526. DOI
- Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes. The Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. DOI
Tirzepatide
Tirzepatide is a dual GLP-1 / GIP receptor agonist, marketed as Mounjaro (diabetes) and Zepbound (obesity). It changed the field by proving that incretin-based therapy could produce weight loss approaching the magnitude previously only seen with bariatric surgery, without surgery's risks.
SURMOUNT-1 (15mg)
(GLP-1 + GIP)
- SURMOUNT-1 (Jastreboff et al., NEJM 2022): 22.5% mean weight reduction at 72 weeks with 15mg, with comparable improvements in glycemic control and cardiometabolic markers.
- SURPASS program: A series of trials in type 2 diabetes showed superior A1c reduction vs. semaglutide at matched doses.
- Cardiovascular safety: No increase in MACE (major adverse cardiovascular events) observed in trials to date.
Cagrilintide
Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue — a synthetic mimic of the satiety hormone secreted alongside insulin. Where GLP-1 acts centrally on appetite, amylin slows gastric emptying and reinforces fullness from the gut. The combination of cagrilintide with semaglutide (Novo Nordisk's CagriSema) has produced some of the most striking weight-loss data outside of triple-agonists.
- CagriSema Phase 2 (Enebo et al., Lancet 2021): Combination of 2.4mg cagrilintide + 2.4mg semaglutide produced 17.1% weight reduction at 20 weeks — substantially more than either molecule alone.
- Monotherapy: Cagrilintide alone produces ~10.8% weight loss at 26 weeks.
- Mechanism synergy: The combination targets central (GLP-1) and peripheral (amylin) satiety pathways simultaneously.
- Enebo LB, et al. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2·4 mg. Lancet. 2021;397(10286):1736-1748. DOI
Tesamorelin
Tesamorelin is a stabilized analogue of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH). Unlike injected HGH, which floods the system with synthetic growth hormone, tesamorelin works upstream — prompting your pituitary to release its own growth hormone in the natural pulsatile rhythm. It is the only peptide FDA-approved specifically for reducing visceral fat (in HIV-associated lipodystrophy).
reduction (26 weeks)
(Egrifta)
release preserved
- Falutz et al. (NEJM 2007): 26 weeks of tesamorelin reduced visceral adipose tissue by 15.2%, with no significant change in subcutaneous fat.
- Stanley et al. (JAMA 2014): Cognitive function improvements in older adults receiving tesamorelin, with increases in word recall and executive function metrics.
- Liver fat reduction: NAFLD-focused trials demonstrated reductions in hepatic steatosis.
BPC-157
BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide (15 amino acids) derived from a protein found naturally in human gastric juice. It has become one of the most-studied regenerative peptides in animal research, with consistent demonstrations of accelerated healing across tendons, ligaments, muscle, gut tissue, and even nerve tissue. The breadth of its effects is unusual — and the mechanism appears to involve upregulation of growth hormone receptors at injury sites combined with enhanced angiogenesis.
- Tendon healing: Multiple rat studies (Sikiric et al.) show BPC-157 accelerates Achilles tendon-to-bone healing and increases tensile strength.
- Gut barrier function: Demonstrates protective effects in models of IBD, ulcer formation, and intestinal anastomosis healing.
- Angiogenesis: Upregulates VEGFR2 and nitric oxide pathways at injury sites.
- Drug-induced damage protection: Mitigates NSAID-induced gastric lesions in animal models.
- Sikiric P, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res. 2022;17(3):482-487. PMC
- Chang CH, et al. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(3):774-780. DOI
- Seiwerth S, et al. BPC 157 and Standard Angiogenic Growth Factors. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(18):1972-1989. DOI
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 fragment)
TB-500 is the active fragment (residues 17–23) of Thymosin Beta-4, a small protein found in nearly every cell in the human body. Its primary role is regulating actin — the structural protein that lets cells move, divide, and migrate to wherever they're needed. In injury research, that translates to accelerated wound closure, new blood vessel formation, and reduced inflammation in damaged tissue. It is frequently studied alongside BPC-157 because the two molecules appear to work on different but complementary nodes of the healing cascade.
- Cardiac repair: Bock-Marquette et al. (Nature 2004) demonstrated TB-4 promotes cardiomyocyte survival and recovery after myocardial infarction.
- Wound healing: Accelerates epithelial cell migration and wound closure in dermal models.
- Hair growth: Stimulates hair follicle stem cell proliferation in mouse models.
- Angiogenesis: Promotes new blood vessel formation alongside its anti-inflammatory effects.
- Bock-Marquette I, et al. Thymosin β4 activates integrin-linked kinase and promotes cardiac cell migration, survival and cardiac repair. Nature. 2004;432:466-472. DOI
- Goldstein AL, et al. Thymosin beta4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues. Trends Mol Med. 2005;11(9):421-9. DOI
GHK-Cu
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys-Cu) first isolated from human plasma. It declines sharply with age — from peak concentrations in your 20s to roughly a third of that by your 60s. The list of biological effects attributed to it in peer-reviewed literature is unusually long: collagen and elastin synthesis, accelerated wound healing, hair follicle stimulation, anti-inflammatory signaling, and even broad gene-modulation effects on aged tissue. A 2015 review article called it "one of the most active signaling peptides characterized to date."
- Gene expression: Pickart's lab found GHK-Cu modulates over 4,000 human genes — most toward youthful expression patterns.
- Collagen synthesis: Multiple studies show stimulation of collagen and glycosaminoglycan production in dermal fibroblasts.
- Wound healing: Accelerates dermal repair in animal models and human clinical studies on diabetic wounds.
- Hair growth: Stimulates hair follicle proliferation and increases hair shaft diameter in clinical trials on alopecia.
- Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:648108. PMC
- Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7):1987. PMC
GLOW 70 (GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500)
GLOW 70 is a pre-blended three-peptide formulation combining the three most-studied regenerative peptides in their effective research ratios. The thinking is mechanistic synergy: GHK-Cu drives collagen synthesis and gene-level remodeling, BPC-157 accelerates tissue repair and dampens inflammation, and TB-500 orchestrates cellular migration and angiogenesis. Together, they target overlapping nodes in the healing cascade — researchers studying compounded protocols increasingly favor pre-blends like this over running three separate reconstitutions.
- GHK-Cu (70%): See GHK-Cu section above for collagen, gene modulation, and wound healing data.
- BPC-157 (15%): See BPC-157 section for tendon, gut, and tissue repair literature.
- TB-500 (15%): See TB-500 section for actin-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis studies.
KLOW 80 (KPV + GHK-Cu + BPC-157 + TB-500)
KLOW 80 is GLOW with an addition: KPV, a tripeptide fragment (Lys-Pro-Val) of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone with documented anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. KPV quiets inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-1β, and supports epithelial barrier integrity. The four-peptide stack covers every major node of the healing and skin-regeneration cascade in a single vial.
- Anti-inflammatory: Down-regulates NF-κB signaling and reduces TNF-α and IL-1β expression in models of inflammatory bowel disease (Dalmasso et al., Gastroenterology 2008).
- Epithelial integrity: Improves gut barrier function and reduces permeability in colitis models.
- Antimicrobial: Inhibits growth of S. aureus, C. albicans, and other common pathogens at low concentrations.
- Dalmasso G, et al. Anti-inflammatory and chemotactic effects of the KPV tripeptide on intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. DOI
Accutane (Isotretinoin)
Isotretinoin is a 13-cis-retinoic acid derivative — a powerful vitamin A analogue first approved by the FDA in 1982 for the treatment of severe nodular acne. It works by dramatically shrinking sebaceous (oil) glands, normalizing keratinization (so pores don't clog), and reducing inflammation. The decades of clinical data are extraordinary: most patients achieve durable, often permanent clearance from a single 6–9 month course. It is, by any reasonable measure, the most effective acne treatment ever developed.
after one course
(5+ years)
(as Accutane)
- Severe nodular acne: Multiple randomized trials show 85–95% complete or near-complete clearance after a standard cumulative dose course.
- Sebum reduction: Decreases sebum production by ~90% within 4–6 weeks — the primary mechanism behind its effect.
- Durable remission: Most patients remain clear long after stopping treatment, unlike other acne therapies which require continuous use.
- Off-label dermatologic uses: Studied for severe rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis decalvans.
MOTS-c
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded inside the mitochondrial genome itself — one of the few peptides your cells make from within the powerhouse organelles rather than from nuclear DNA. It functions as a metabolic regulator, primarily by activating AMPK — the same energy-sensing pathway triggered by fasting, exercise, and metformin. Levels decline with age, and one of the most striking findings in longevity research is that human centenarians have measurably elevated MOTS-c compared to age-matched controls.
- Lee et al. (Cell Metabolism 2015): Original characterization paper. MOTS-c administration in mice improved insulin sensitivity and reduced age-dependent and high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance.
- Exercise mimetic: Activates AMPK without exercise, producing overlapping benefits in metabolic flexibility.
- Centenarian study (Fuku et al., Aging Cell 2015): A polymorphism in the MOTS-c-encoding region of mitochondrial DNA correlates with extreme longevity.
- Muscle function: Recent rodent studies suggest MOTS-c preserves muscle mass and function with age.
Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a 28-amino-acid peptide naturally produced by the thymus gland — the organ that trains your immune system in early life. As we age, thymic function declines dramatically, and Tα1 production drops with it. Unlike blanket immune stimulants, Tα1 functions as a calibrator: it boosts T-cell maturation and Th1 immunity when suppressed, while damping over-active inflammatory responses. It's marketed as Zadaxin and is approved as a pharmaceutical in over 35 countries for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and as an adjunct in cancer immunotherapy.
- Hepatitis treatment: Multiple randomized trials show Tα1 improves viral clearance rates when combined with interferon for chronic hepatitis B and C.
- Sepsis (King et al., Crit Care 2019): Tα1 reduced 28-day mortality in severe sepsis patients in a multicenter trial.
- Cancer adjunct: Studied as an immune-modulating adjunct in non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
- T-cell maturation: Increases CD4+ T-cell counts in immune-compromised populations.